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Series

Al-Mulakhkhaṣ

A working summary in the sciences of hadith — terminology, gradations of soundness, and the foundational distinctions of the muṣṭalaḥ tradition.

Contents

Lessons in this series

  1. Al-Mulakhkhaṣ – A summary of Usūl al-Ḥadīth ContentsWith clarification of Ḥanafi Terminology
  2. Categories of aḥadīth and their definitionsThe study of aḥādīth can be categorised into three: Ilm riwāyat al-ḥadīth – Narration of ḥadīth and transmitting aḥādīth without …
  3. Causes of Ṭa’nṬa’n[1] (criticism) occurs for one of more of the following reasons: From these ten, the first five are concerned with the …
  4. Definition of ḤadīthDefinition of ḥadīth according to the muḥaddithīn The definition of ḥadīth[1] according to the muḥaddithīn is everything which is transmitted about …
  5. Development of Ḥadīth and its sciencesIn the first century the emphasis placed on the memorisation of aḥādīth, its documentation and compilation was unlike that of …
  6. Ḥadīth al-mu’allalA ḥadīth mu’allal[1] is that ḥadīth which contains a hidden defect causing doubt in its authenticity, even though it may appear …
  7. Ḥasan li ghayrihīIf the narrations of a ḍaīf ḥadīth become many, and this ḥadīth has minor weaknesses then this ḥadīth will be …
  8. I’tibār, mutābi’āt and shawāhidWhen a ḥadīth is narrated by a rāwī, where there is some doubt in the heart of the rāwī regarding …
  9. Jarḥ and ta’dīlThe field of jarḥ[1] (criticism) and ta’dīl (praise) is an important science. Jarḥ and ta’dīl sometimes occur by: The first concerns …
  10. Ma’rifat al-‘ālī wa al-nāzilMa’rifat al-‘ālī wa al-nāzil[1] ‘Uluw[2] is of five types: In these categories there occurs muwāfaqah, badl, musāwāh and muṣāfaḥah. Muwāfaqah[6] is to …
  11. MajhūlThe definition of majhūl[1] is that narrator whose condition is not known,[2] and this narrator is not known for seeking knowledge. Thus, …
  12. MaqlūbA ḥadīth in which one rāwī is replaced by another, whether it is one narrator or more, to the extent …
  13. Mawḍū’Mawḍū’ is that ḥadīth which has been made up, invented and forged by the narrator himself. A mawḍū’ ḥadīth is …
  14. Methods of narratingThere are eight ways of narrating: Method Ruling 1. Hearing the words of the teacher directly. Permissible according to all. …
  15. Mubtadi’ and the ruling of their narrationsA mubtadi’ (innovator) in terms of that which clearly necessitates disbelief,[1] is a disbeliever by agreement. As for the mubtadi’ whose …
  16. MutawātirA ḥadīth mutawātir[1] is that which has been narrated by: These are referred to as the conditions of tawātur. Thus, a …
  17. Ruling of ḥadīth mursalA mursal hadith, one where any narrator was dropped, was not rejected by anyone[1] until Imām Shāfi’ī.[2] Therefore, according to the majority …
  18. Shādh and munkarThe definition of shādh is that which is narrated only by one rāwī, and this causes inqidāh (doubt) in the …
  19. Summarising aḥādīth and riwāyāh bi al-ma’naIt is not permissible to summarise aḥādīth, nor to narrate with meaning, except by one who understands the Arabic language …
  20. The authority of ḤadīthThe authority of ḥadīth as an integral part of the sharī’ah is undeniable as evidenced by numerous verses in the …
  21. The conditions of the one criticising and one being praisedThere are four opinions: From these four opinions, three are widespread, with the last opinion being less famous. Thereafter, there …
  22. The ruling of acting upon ṣaḥīḥ, ḥasan and ḍaīf aḥādīthṢaḥīḥ and ḥasan aḥādīth are accepted. This includes aḥādīth which are ṣaḥīḥ li dhātihī, ṣaḥīḥ li ghayrihī, ḥasan li dhātihī …
  23. Types of GharībGharīb aḥādīth are of two types; Farḍ muṭlaq Definition of farḍ al-muṭlaq: That which is narrated by only one narrator, …
  24. Works on Isṭilāḥ al-Ḥadīth (Ḥadīth terminology)From amongst the first to author a work on the topic of isṭilāḥ al-ḥadīth was al-Ramāhurmuzī,[1] thereafter al-Ḥākim[2]and then Abū Nu’aym.[3] Thereafter …
  25. Ziyādah of a thiqah narratorIf the majlis is different, such that it is two different aḥādīth being narrated by two different ṣaḥābah, both narrations …